Entries Tagged 'Savings' ↓

With all the talk about derivatives on Wall Street and Washington, the average investor might think that derivatives are confusing and complex and not available to them. The fact is that derivatives have been around for awhile and actually come in a variety of types. For example options, where you pay money up front for the option to buy or sell a stock, have been around for decades. Learning to invest with options adds a layer of protection for any investor with a significant portfolio, helps to diversify your risk, or even opens up a world of speculative investment for investors who don’t mind taking chances. Learning to use options is critical to the success of any portfolio today. We don’t think that that’s exaggeration. Hedge funds, pension funds, large institutional investors of all types are using options as a way to guarantee that whichever way the stock market goes they will have some protection. Given the way the stock market has been volatile in the past, it’s important to learn how to use these tools as just that-another tool in your toolbox.

Understanding options  is not that difficult. There are a huge variety of online tools available to help teach investors how to take advantage of this valuable investment vehicle. For example the options institute has an entire website devoted to nothing but educating investors on how to use options. The Options Industry Council(OIC) provides many top online educational tools including free webinars, recorded seminars, and virtual training platforms to help any investor try their hand at buying and *selling options* while taking zero risk with real money. In addition, you can find multiple books and magazines available for additional education. There are all kinds of books on the market on the subject getting started with options. Reading these, in conjunction with the virtual training tools available online, can help you get your feet wet and feel more confident in your ability to train options.

How do options work? The simple answer is that an option is simply giving you a right to buy or sell a stock but not the obligation to do so at a specific price that you select. Options are available for individual stocks and ETF’s on the market. There are also options available for commodities and futures trading. When you research options online, you select an individual stock for example for which you would like to see the option chain. An option chain lists all of the outstanding options for the next several expiration periods. When you purchase an option, you are purchasing the right to buy stock at a particular price point before an expiration date. So if you select a stock that you expect to go up in the next several months, you would buy a call option.

When you are buying or selling options based on stock you have in your portfolio that is called a “covered” option. When you don’t hold the stock itself in your portfolio, these are called “naked” options. Selling options based on stock you have in your portfolio lets you take care of market downturns where you may lose money on your stock price but earn money on your option purchase. Unlike covered options, buying or selling naked options is an outright gamble on whether the price of the underlying stock will go up or down.

Some of the best brokerages where you can trade options are the discount brokerages. Brokerage companies like Trade King, Options Express, or Interactive Brokers are brokerage houses that allow you to trade options for very low cost. With options, you normally pay a commission plus a price per contract. If you are buying and selling options frequently, these costs can add up so it makes sense to use a brokerage with low fees. In addition, many brokerages offer extensive training tools as well, because as an investor gets more educated about how to invest in options, they are more likely to purchase these investments for their portfolio. Look for features like how to materials including publications and webinars, forums where investors both beginner and expert alike that exchange information, and other trading blogs that can show you hands on information about actual trades being made in the field. Some brokerages even allow investors to publish their trades, so that you can follow along with some of the top traders who are training with the same firm.

*Getting started with options* is fairly simple. It might take some time to learn the ins and outs and go through some of the training materials, but afterward you will have a knowledge base that will help you profit and build your portfolio exponentially. Most brokerage accounts allow options trading for certain investors, and certain minimum balances may apply. Check with your broker, or investigate some of the other top brokerages for trading options. Here at Saving Cash Tips, we recommend Trade King, which is the brokerage we use ourselves. They offer an extensive variety of educational tools, forums and discussion groups, and research tools that are hard to find at other brokers. In addition the fees are rock bottom. Whether you decide to use options as a hedge mechanism or as a speculative vehicle to boost your returns, if you expect top returns you will definitely need to learn how to invest with options.

Although this blog is called Saving Cash Tips, we often talk about investing and the best way to invest money now, since keeping your money is just as key as saving it! But in this post, we want to talk a little about how to invest if you only have small amounts of money to invest.

First off, what do we mean by small amounts? Well if you’re just getting started with a savings plan, amounts like $100, $100 or $1000 are small amounts. Generally, any amount under $5,000 is a small amount, if you are considering stock investing. You want to minimize risk, and continue to save, without your money being lost to market fluctuations or high fees. It’s also important to realize that as an investor, you really cant count on “buy and hold” for long time periods, as the market we are in now is probably unique in history, in that it is quite unstable. There are not going to be 20 year upswings like we thought we’d have in he past. So, that means if you are in the market, you have to be prepared to buy and sell when the conditions require it.

As a result, for amounts in this range, sometimes buying stocks is not a good idea, and here’s why: You will pay a larger portion of your base investment in trading commissions or fees. If you are buying stocks, you’ll pay both to buy and when you sell stock. Since you can’t just buy and never sell, you will pay on both ends. In addition, the appreciation in stock is likely not going to be huge on just a couple dozen shares. Until you have a larger amount to invest, its probably better to select investments where you can make some money, but forgo the casino that is the stock market until you can afford to lose to the house.

A couple good examples of place to invest with small amounts of money are savings accounts, CDs, savings bonds, and ETFs. For example, you and open a high interest savings account online usually with $100 minimum investment, and you can earn a couple points in interest, while having your savings insured (which is not true in the stock market). A certificate of deposit, or CD, will give you an extra half percent or so, but may come with restrictions if you have to take the money out before the CD matures.

Another option is to buy savings bonds. The U.S. Treasury now sells these online at Treasury Direct, and you can invest with a transfer from your bank account in amounts as small as $25. As of this writing, a November 2009 I-Bond, which is indexed for inflation, is earning 3.77%, which is nothing to sneeze at considering the market is all over the place. As with any bonds, you have restrictions on when you can withdraw your funds, but you can also have money automatically deposited into this account, and use it to buy savings bonds as well as Treasury bonds.

If you are looking for the best way to invest with little money, you want to start small, and keep making deposits, and build up your investment account before taking larger risks. Today you have plenty of choices for smaller investments, where you can have a safe, insured account until you are ready to take the next step.

So say we do have a depression, or a real bad recession. History shows that only through massive government spending – in the 1930′s it was WWII coming along, gov’t spending for the war – can we get out of the trough. It’s pretty clear the Prez is spending like crazy. But keep in mind, that some of the expenditures are also investments. Investments in a big way. Investments we’d be wise to mirror in our own portfolios.

Not only that – but the idea is, these investments will spur the kind of re-growth that builds our economy back up, but without the war and bloodshed. What exactly are our options here?

First – the green economy – green tech, green jobs – anything and everything green. Like it or not, industry new and old will have to be green. Believe in global warming or not, there is nothing wrong with making the world a cleaner place. In fact, it will make many, many people rich. And hopefully provide a planet on which to enjoy this new wealth. Will you be in on it, is the question?

Many people argue that green investment and things like cap and trade is in reality a tax on consumers of electricity. But that misses some major points. For example, we do not account for the “externals”, that is, we are not paying for the destruction we commit when we burn coal and create other greenhouse gases. We must begin to pay, because we can’t ignore the cost any longer. But also, with new green technology, the need to use dirty fuel will begin to lessen, so your costs as a consumer can go down thorugh conservation and adopting green alternatives. You won’t pay a consumption tax on something you don’t consume!

And keep in mind – the horse and buggy industry collapsed when cars came along. The mass transit revolution was trashed by government pushing cars and roads. So, here we are in another phase, where newer, better technologies are going to push out old dirty ones, and some companies will take a hit. But not for long, as alternatives come in like gangbusters into the marketplace.

Next there’s health care. Through technology there are major cost reductions to be had. The money is already flowing as part of the stimulus package.

A third investment the government is making is the auto industry. While it’s pretty volatile now, there’s a big committment to making sure we don’t lose all three automakers. which one or ones are left standing will grow into the future. (Could the Feds be unwiling to let GM go due to the release of the Volt next year? That works both for a green play and an auto play..)

Fourth, infrastructure and “shovel ready” future investments. A lot of increase has probably been built into companies short term already, but considering that there are a lot of bridges to be recuilt and schools and roads and so on, related industries re worth a look.

Ask yourself: What companies are on that bandwagon? What ETFs? What mutual funds? Look to invest in these in your 401(K), or start a self-directed IRA if you can’t invest in them through your workplace. Keep your eyes and ears open. Learn about the varity of investemtns out there. Don’t just save, but also conserve, put themoney aside into investments that make sense ina depression scenario. Don’t be a victim of it, ride the wave instead.

You know, it’s hard to know whether to invest in mutual funds right now, with this crazy, volatile market. While I’m happy to muse here, I always am careful to say, I am just another person out there and no expert on investing or anything. Yet I know BS when I hear it, from television talking heads, and I know I’m more right than they are, because I did pretty well in the downturn since early 2008. So take what I say as just some ideas, something to think about, that might be different form what you’re hearing generally out there, the “conventional wisdom” if you will, which wasn’t so wise for the past ten months.

The biggest question I’m asked by friends and folks who know me and my track record is, when is it good to get back into mutual funds, or should I be in mutual funds or cash? There’s a big misconception here that has to be cleared up first, and that has to do with what is a mutual fund, and how do mutual funds work.

A mutual fund is a specifically designated account, in which investors invest money, allowing the fund manager to select different stocks or bonds to invest in for the investors. There is usually some kind of guideline as to the objective of the fund – such as, growth or income or both. It’s set up so that the dividends are split among the investors, as are the costs, and as an investor in a mutual fund, you are also an owner in the underlying investments.

Mutual funds became big because many people wanted to diversify without buying individual stocks, or just didn’t want to learn to invest in stocks. Retirement funds, 401(K)s and others, also made mutual funds more attractive, because employers could just give employees a list of mutual funds and employees didn’t have to learn anything about investing in the market (or at least that was the theory). You just buy mutual funds and hold forever until you’re rich – simple! Well, not so simple.

Without really knowing what was in the underlying mutual funds, and just blindly buying whatever color you were told to on the “allocation recommendation” chart from your employer’s fund manager, you kind of got screwed. As for other investors, they put money into mutual funds as though they were individual stocks, again, without knowing what was in the underlying fund.

A mutual fund, by the way, can hold bonds, or cash, or stocks. By getting out of mutual funds, you aren’t necessarily doing yourself a favor. There might be some mutual funds – like government bond funds – that have actually held up OK, better than a savings or money market option perhaps. So, you need to understand what is a mutual fund, and then choose accordingly.

Now, that said, you get BS from people like Dave Ramsey, or Carmen Wong Ulrich on CNN, who continue to tell the lie about 12% or 14% returns on “good growth stock mutual funds”. HELLO PEOPLE – if you’re looking for annual averages like those, they don’t exist any more, if they ever did! (Note the dates they cite from – usually something like “if you invested from 1984 to present” or “since the Great Depression” – completely unrelated to YOUR investment timeline…) This kind of poor advice makes only one person profit -the broker! They don’t want you to take your money out of the fee-generating funds, but the people getting screwed here are the ones listening to myths about “locking in losses” or “missing the upturn”. Ignore them. Learn to invest. Look at your balances and tell me if their advice is any good?

Or, just take a look at your favorite fund company’s prospectus for any given fund. Show me one that has earned 12% for the past ten years, or even since inception. Good luck with that. In fact, stock funds are down where they were ten years ago. It’s time to learn about mutual funds and not just blindly listen to someone who has no idea what they’re talking about when it comes to investing.

So, knowing all of that, what do you do? It’s hard to reinvest in index funds, because for example, the S&P is heavily weighted with volatile financial stocks. But you can’t really pick and choose stocks if you want to, or if you have to put your money in mutual funds as in a retirement account. Until you leave or lose your job and roll over into a self directed brokerage account – we recommend TradeKing.

You can also open self-directed Roth IRA accounts, Traditional IRAs and other accounts to take investing matters into your own hands. And while the indices have been climbing slowly back the past month, professionals in the markets are suggesting that this is a temporary bull market, that the underlying fundamentals – consumer spending, credit markets, etc. – are just not there to sustain high numbers going forward. Probably better to wait or start small for now.

The best thing you can do is to test the waters with some of your money – put a small percentage back in, and average up, as the market climbs put a little in again at a time. But pay attention, and don’t worry about small bumps down, but DO keep your eyes and ears open to see what the market’s doing, and know what your fallback is, whether it’s government bond funds or cash. It is not a bad idea to sit and wait for sustained upturns int he market, if mutual fund investing – as opposed to buying stocks, options and shorts – is your only choice right now. (PS – we recommend that if you get it on your cable channel, watch Bloomberg TV instead of CNBC or CNN. Less BS, more facts.)

I am really sick and tired of hearing these BS artists on television telling their callers not to sell their mutual funds or stocks because they will “lock in their losses”. The last time I heard this it was from – who else – Carmen Wang Ulrich. This is probably the most stupid scare tactic ever invented to prevent people who don’t want to learn how to invest from taking action. How stupid is that?

Here’s why it’s ridiculous to even listen to this dangerous myth:

- What if your stock goes to zero? Or the company goes bankrupt? At what point exactly should you sell? For a mutual fund, how low does it have to go before you throw in the towel?

- What if while you watch your investment lose money, you see that there are others out there that are making money? Do you not sell to avoid “locking in a loss”? You are guaranteed a loss if you don’t switch to something that’s making money!

- What if we have another market dive? What if we have zero growth for ten years – just as today’s market has wiped out all of the increases of the past ten? When do you sell in favor of something else? Like a CD?

OK let’s do the math. Investor A and Investor B each have $10,000 in a mutual fund that’s down 30% so they each now only have $7,000. All indications are that the market is still headed down. Or at least, that’s the investors’ fear.

Investor A listens to Carmen and sits there watching it lose another 20% because Investor A believed without knowing why that you shouldn’t “lock in” your loss by selling. Except that now Investor A has $5,600 in her account. (By the way: If you listened to Carmen last October, this is EXACTLY where you would be right now.) She sits there and watches her $5,000 bounce around the bottom of the market, because this is a market like nothing the tee vee people have ever seen before, and they don’t know what to do either. Eventually, the market moves up 10% after six months, but that puts her at only $5,500. She’s a long way off from gaining back her losses.

Investor B instead uses common sense, and doesn’t listen to tee vee “experts”, and sells when her account is down the first 30%, moving her $7,000 to a Ginne Mae (government) bond fund (not actual performance, only an example), earning 5% over the next 6 months, so she now has a $350 gain instead of a $1,400 loss, for a total of $7,350. She now moves $4,000 of that back into mutual funds that she feels confident are now moving up again. Investor B gets the same 10% market move that Investor A got, so she has $4,400 from her move back into mutal funds. And since she’s made 5% on the remaining $4,350 her totals are $4,400 + $4,565 for a total of $8,965 in her account, well ahead of Investor A. (She will now also keep watch on the market and know when to sell and when to buy!)

OK which person do you want to be?

No matter that the market is doing today, you DO NOT LOSE BY SELLING. This fear of selling is the one characteristic that will definitely make you a loser in the markets every time. You must understand that you will win some, you lose some, when you are smart about investing, you take your losses before they get too big, and move the money to where it will be working for you again. There is no such thing as “buy and hold for the long term”. Those days are gone. Learn what to do now, or stay away from the markets.